Ngomhla ziyisi-7 kuNdasa, 2022, inkampani ethwala imoto ithwala impahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle iye e-Yantai Port, eSifundazweni SaseShandong.(Isithombe ngu-Visual China)
Phakathi namaseshini amabili kazwelonke, izimoto ezintsha zamandla zidonse ukunaka okukhulu.Umbiko womsebenzi kahulumeni ugcizelele ukuthi "sizoqhubeka nokweseka ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla", futhi sibeke phambili izinqubomgomo zokunciphisa izintela nezimali ezikhokhwayo, ukugcina ukuphepha nokuzinza kochungechunge lwezimboni kanye nokuthengwa kwempahla, nokwandisa ukwesekwa komnotho wangempela. , okuhlanganisa nemboni yezimoto zamandla amasha.Emhlanganweni, abameleli abaningi namalungu benza iziphakamiso neziphakamiso zokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla.
Ngo-2021, ukuthunyelwa kwe-auto kwe-China kwafinyelela ukusebenza okumangazayo, okudlula amayunithi ayizigidi ezi-2 ngokokuqala ngqa, okuphindeke kabili ngonyaka odlule, kwazuza impumelelo eyingqophamlando.Kuyafaneleka ukubalula ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla emazweni angaphandle kukhombise ukukhula okukhulu, nokukhula unyaka nonyaka ngama-304.6%.Yiziphi izici ezintsha zemboni yezimoto zamandla entsha yaseChina ezingabonakala kudatha yokuthekelisa?Esimeni sokuncishiswa kwekhabhoni emhlabeni wonke, imboni entsha yezimoto zamandla "izoshayela" kuphi?Intatheli ixoxisane noXu Haidong, isekela likanjiniyela omkhulu weChina Association of Automobile Manufacturers, saic And Geely.
Kusukela ngo-2021, ukuthunyelwa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla kusebenze kahle, eYurophu naseNingizimu Asia
ekubeni izimakethe ezinkulu ezikhulayo
Ngokusho kwe-China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, ukuthunyelwa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla kuzofinyelela amayunithi angama-310,000 ngo-2021, nokukhula konyaka ngonyaka ngama-304.6%.NgoJanuwari 2022, izimoto ezintsha zamandla ziqhubekile nokukhula okuphezulu, zafinyelela ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu "kwamayunithi angama-431,000 athengisiwe, nokukhuphuka konyaka ngonyaka ngo-135.8%", okwethula isiqalo esihle soNyaka weTiger.
Abasebenzi basebenza emhlanganweni wokugcina wokucobelelana ngolwazi we-BAIC New Energy Branch e-Huanghua.I-Xinhua/Mou Yu
I-Saic Motor, i-Dongfeng Motor kanye ne-BMW Brilliance izoba ngamabhizinisi ayi-10 ahamba phambili uma kubhekwa umthamo wezimoto ezintsha ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ngo-2021. Phakathi kwazo, i-SAIC ithengise izimoto ezikhiqiza amandla amasha angu-733,000 ngo-2021, nokukhula konyaka ngo-128.9%. abe ngumholi ekuthunyelweni kwezimoto ezintsha sha zamandla zaseShayina.E-Europe nakwezinye izimakethe ezithuthukisiwe, izinhlobo zayo i-MG kanye ne-MAXUS zidayise izimoto ezingaphezu kuka-50,000 zamandla amasha.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-byd, i-JAC Group, i-Geely Holding kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezizimele zokuthunyelwa kwezimoto zamandla amasha nazo zizuze ukukhula okusheshayo.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi imakethe yaseYurophu kanye nemakethe yaseNingizimu ne-Asia iba izimakethe ezikhulayo zokuthunyelwa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla eChina ngo-2021. Ngo-2021, amazwe ayi-10 aphezulu okuthunyelwa kwe-neV yaseChina yiBelgium, Bangladesh, United Kingdom, India, Thailand, I-Germany, i-France, i-Slovenia, i-Australia kanye ne-Philippines, ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-General Administration of Customs ehlanganiswe yi-CAAC.
"Kunemikhiqizo emisha yezimoto ezinamandla kuphela esingaba nesibindi sokungena emakethe yezimoto ezivuthiwe njengaseYurophu."UXu Haidong utshele izintatheli ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obusha bezimoto zaseChina ngokuyisisekelo sebufinyelele ezingeni eliphambili lamazwe ngamazwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukubonakala komkhiqizo, ingaphakathi, ububanzi, ukuguquguquka kwemvelo, noma ukusebenza kwemoto, ikhwalithi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukusetshenziswa okuhlakaniphile, kwenze inqubekelaphambili ebanzi."Ukuthunyelwa emazweni athuthukile njenge-UK neNorway kukhombisa ukuncintisana kwemikhiqizo yezimoto ezintsha zaseChina."
Imvelo yangaphandle iphinde inikeze izimo ezivumayo zemikhiqizo yaseShayina ukwenza imizamo emakethe yaseYurophu.Ukuze kuzuzwe okuhloswe ukuncishiswa kwekhabhoni, ohulumeni abaningi base-Europe bamemezele izinhloso zokukhishwa kwekhabhoni eminyakeni yamuva nje futhi bakhulisa uxhaso lwezimoto ezintsha zamandla.Isibonelo, i-Norway yethule izinqubomgomo eziningi zokweseka izinguquko zokufakwa kukagesi, okuhlanganisa nokukhulula izimoto zikagesi entelani engu-25% ye-value-added tax, intela yokungenisa ezweni kanye nentela yokulungisa umgwaqo.I-Germany izokwengeza uxhaso lwamandla olusha lwama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.2, olwaqala ngo-2016, luye ku-2025, luqhubekisele phambili imakethe yezimoto ezintsha zamandla.
Ngokujabulisayo, ukuthengisa okuphezulu akusancikile ngokuphelele emananini aphansi.Intengo yama-neV omkhiqizo waseShayina emakethe yaseYurophu isifinyelele ku-$30,000 ngeyunithi ngayinye.Ezingxenyeni ezintathu zokuqala zika-2021, inani lokuthekelisa lezimoto zabagibeli zikagesi ezihlanzekile lifinyelele ku-$5.498 billion, likhuphuke ngamaphesenti angama-515.4 unyaka nonyaka, nokukhula kwenani lokuthekelisa elingaphezu kokukhula kwenani lokuthekelisa, idatha yentela ibonisiwe.
Uchungechunge lwezimboni oluqinile noluphelele lwaseShayina kanye nochungechunge lokuhlinzeka libonakala ekusebenzeni kwayo kokuthekelisa ngezimoto
Isithombe sokukhiqiza sokudlondlobala okubili kokuhlinzeka nokumaketha senziwa ezingqungqutheleni zokukhiqiza kulo lonke izwe.Ngo-2021, inani eliphelele lezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kanye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwezimpahla zaseShayina zafinyelela ku-39.1 trillion yuan, okuwukukhula ngo-21.4% ngonyaka odlule, okudlula ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-6 ngesilinganiso sokushintshana saminyaka yonke, sikleliswe kuqala ekuhwebeni kwezimpahla emhlabeni wonke iminyaka emihlanu ilandelana.Ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqondile okuvela kwamanye amazwe okukhokhelwe kufinyelele ku-1.1 trillion yuan, okuwukukhuphuka ngo-14.9% ngonyaka odlule futhi kudlule i-1 trillion yuan okokuqala ngqa.
Isisebenzi sikhiqiza amathreyi ebhethri ezimoto zamandla amasha e-Shandong Yuhang Special Alloy Equipment Co., LTD.I-Xinhua/Fan Changguo
Umthamo wokuphakelwa kwabakhi bezimoto baphesheya kwezilwandle wehlile eminyakeni emibili edlule ngenxa yobhubhane oluphindaphindiwe, ukuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi okuqinile, ukushoda kwama-chip nezinye izici.Ngokwezibalo ezikhishwe yiSociety of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT), ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto e-UK kwehle ngo-20.1% ngoJanuwari uma kuqhathaniswa nenyanga efanayo ngonyaka odlule.Ngokusho kwe-European Automobile Manufacturers 'Association (ACEA), u-2021 unyaka wesithathu olandelanayo wokwehla kokuthengiswa kwezimoto zabagibeli eYurophu, kwehle ngamaphesenti angu-1.5 unyaka nonyaka.
"Ngaphansi komthelela walolu bhubhane, inzuzo yokuhlinzekwa kweChina iphinde yandiswa."UZhang Jianping, umqondisi weRegional Economic Cooperation Research Center ye-Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation yoMnyango Wezohwebo, uthe Ukuthekelisa okuqinile kwezimoto zaseShayina kungenxa yokusimama ngokushesha komnotho waseChina emthelela walolu bhubhane.Imboni yezimoto ibuyisele ngokushesha umthamo wokukhiqiza futhi yabamba nethuba elihle lokubuyisela isidingo sezimakethe zomhlaba.Ngaphezu kokwenza igebe lokuhlinzekwa kwemikhiqizo emakethe yezimoto yaphesheya kwezilwandle kanye nokusimamisa uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla emhlabeni wonke, imboni yezimoto yaseChina inohlelo oluphelele uma kuqhathaniswa namandla okusekela aqinile.Naphezu kwalolu bhubhane, i-China isenamandla amahle okumelana nengozi.Izinto ezizinzile kanye namandla okukhiqiza kanye nokuhlinzeka kunikeza isiqinisekiso esiqinile Sokuthunyelwa kwezinkampani zezimoto zaseShayina.
Esikhathini sezimoto ezisebenza ngophethiloli, iChina yayinoxhaxha olukhulu lokuhlinzeka ngezimoto, kodwa ukushoda kwezingxenye ezibalulekile kwenze yaba sengozini yezingozi zokuphepha.Ukudlondlobala kwemboni yezimoto zamandla amasha kunike imboni yezimoto yaseChina ithuba lokuzuza amandla ezimbonini.
"Izinkampani zezimoto zendabuko zangaphandle zihamba kancane ekuthuthukiseni izimoto ezintsha zamandla, azikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngemikhiqizo yokuncintisana, kuyilapho imikhiqizo yaseShayina ingahlangabezana nezidingo zabathengi, ibe nezinzuzo zezindleko, ibe nokuncintisana okuhle. "Izinkampani zezimoto zangaphandle azikwazi ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele imikhiqizo yabo eqinile ekhona ezinkampanini zezimoto ezintsha, ngakho abathengi emazweni asethuthukile nabo bazimisele ukwamukela imikhiqizo emisha yaseShayina yamandla." Kusho uXu Haidong.
I-RCEP ilethe izinqubomgomo empumalanga, umbuthano okhulayo wabangane, futhi izinkampani zezimoto zaseChina zisheshisa ukwakheka kwemakethe yazo yaphesheya.
Ngomzimba wayo omhlophe kanye nelogo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amatekisi kagesi e-BYD ahambisana nemvelo ezungezile.Kusukela esikhumulweni sezindiza saseBangkok eSuvarnabhumi International Airport, indoda yendawo uChaiwa yakhetha ukugibela itekisi kagesi ye-BYD."Ithule, inombono omuhle, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ihambisana nemvelo."Inkokhelo yamahora amabili kanye nebanga elingamakhilomitha angu-400 -- Eminyakeni emine edlule, izimoto zikagesi ze-BYD ezingu-101 zagunyazwa yiLand Transport Authority yaseThailand ukuthi zisebenze endaweni okokuqala njengamatekisi nezimoto ezigibelayo.
Ngomhla lu-1 kuMasingana 2022, i-Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) yaqala ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni, okuyindawo yohwebo yamahhala enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, okuletha amathuba amakhulu ekuthengisweni kwezimoto kwe-China.Njengesinye sezifunda ezikhula ngokushesha kakhulu emhlabeni zokuthengwa kwezimoto, amandla emakethe asafufusa abantu base-ASEAN abangu-600m angeke abukelwa phansi.Ngokwe-International Renewable Energy Agency, ukuthengiswa kwama-neVs eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kuzokwenyuka kuye kumayunithi ayizigidi eziyi-10 ngo-2025.
Amazwe ase-Asean akhiphe uchungechunge lwezinyathelo ezisekelayo kanye nezinhlelo zamasu zokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zamandla amasha, okudala izimo zezinkampani zezimoto zaseShayina ukuthi zihlole imakethe yendawo.Uhulumeni wase-Malaysian umemezele izinxephezelo zentela zezimoto zikagesi kusukela ngo-fy2022;Uhulumeni wasePhilippine ususe zonke izintela zokungenisa ezingxenyeni zezimoto zikagesi;Uhulumeni waseSingapore umemezele izinhlelo zokwandisa izindawo zokushaja izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi zisuka ku-28 000 ziye ku-60 000 ngo-2030.
"I-China ikhuthaza izinkampani zezimoto ukuthi ziyisebenzise kahle imithetho ye-RCEP, zidlale ngokugcwele umphumela wokudala uhwebo kanye nomphumela wokukhulisa utshalomali olethwe yisivumelwano, futhi zandise ukuthunyelwa kwezimoto kwamanye amazwe. Njengoba imboni yezimoto yaseChina isusa imingcele kubunikazi bangaphandle futhi isheshisa ijubane 'lokuhamba emhlabeni jikelele', kulindeleke ukuthi izinkampani zezimoto zaseShayina zibe nokubambisana okusondelene namalungu angozakwethu ngokusekelwe kuchungechunge lwenani lomhlaba wonke, futhi imithetho ekhethwayo yemvelaphi izoletha amaphethini ohwebo ahlukahlukene kanye namathuba ebhizinisi ekuthumeleni kwamanye amazwe ngokuzenzakalela."UZhang Jianping uyacabanga.
Ukusuka eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kuya e-Afrika kuya eYurophu, abakhiqizi bezimoto baseShayina bandisa imigqa yabo yokukhiqiza phesheya.IChery Automobile isungule izizinda ze-R&D zomhlaba wonke eYurophu, eNyakatho Melika, eMpumalanga Ephakathi naseBrazil, futhi yasungula izimboni eziyi-10 zaphesheya kwezilwandle.I-Saic isungule izikhungo ezintathu zokusungula i-r&d phesheya kwezilwandle, kanye nezizinda ezine zokukhiqiza kanye nezimboni ze-KD (izingxenye eziyisipele) eThailand, Indonesia, India nasePakistan...
"Ukuba nezimboni zabo zaphesheya kuphela lapho ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkampani zezimoto zaseShayina kungasimama."U-Xu Haidong uhlaziye ukuthi eminyakeni yakamuva, imodi yokutshalwa kwezimali yaphesheya kwezilwandle yamabhizinisi ezimoto zase-China ibe nezinguquko ezibalulekile -- kusukela kumodi yokuhweba yasekuqaleni kanye nemodi ye-KD eyingxenye kuya kumodi yokuqondisa yokutshala imali.Indlela yokutshalwa kwezimali okuqondile ayikwazi nje ukukhuthaza ukuqashwa kwendawo, kodwa futhi ithuthukise ukuqashelwa kwabathengi basekhaya ngesiko lomkhiqizo, ngaleyo ndlela ikhulise ukuthengisa phesheya kwezilwandle, okuzoba isiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa "sokuhamba emhlabeni jikelele" kwezimoto zohlobo lwaseShayina esikhathini esizayo.
Khulisa ukutshalwa kwezimali OCWANINGO nentuthuko, futhi usebenzisane nezimoto, izingxenye kanye namabhizinisi ama-chip ekusunguleni okusha, ulwela ukwenza izimoto zamaShayina zisebenzise "umgogodla" wesiShayina.
Njengoba amandla amasha, idatha enkulu kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe obuguqukayo budlondlobala namuhla, imoto, enomlando weminyaka engaphezu kweyi-100, ilethe ithuba elihle loshintsho lokuketula umbuso.Emkhakheni wezimoto zamandla amasha nokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi okukhaliphile, ngemizamo yeminyaka eminingi, imboni yezimoto yaseShayina ngokuyisisekelo isifinyelele emikhiqizweni evamile kanye nobuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo ngezinga lamazwe ngamazwe lokuthuthuka okuvumelanayo, kanye namabhizinisi ajwayelekile ngamazwe asezingeni elifanayo lomncintiswano.
Kodwa-ke, isikhathi eside, inkinga "yokuntuleka komgogodla" ibilokhu ikhungethe imboni yezimoto yaseChina, ethinte ukuthuthukiswa kokuphumayo kanye nekhwalithi ngezinga elithile.
NgoFebhuwari 28, uXin Guobin, iphini likangqongqoshe woMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi, uthe esithangamini nabezindaba seHhovisi Lolwazi Lombuso, uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi uzokwakha inkundla yokuhlinzeka nge-inthanethi kanye nesidingo sama-chips ezimoto, ithuthukise indlela yokubambisana enhla nezansi yochungechunge lwezimboni, nokuqondisa izimoto nezingxenye zamabhizinisi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhlelwa kochungechunge lokunikezela;Hlela ukukhiqizwa ngokunengqondo, sisizane, ngcono ukusebenza kahle kokwabiwa kwezinsiza, unciphise umthelela wokuntuleka komongo;Sizophinde sisekele ukusungula okusha ngokubambisana phakathi kwabakhiqizi bezimoto, izingxenye kanye nama-chip, futhi kancane kancane futhi ngokuhlelekile sikhulise ukukhiqizwa kwama-chip asekhaya kanye namandla okuhlinzeka.
"Ngokwesinqumo semboni, ukushoda kwama-chip kuzoholela ekudingeni kwemakethe cishe kwamayunithi ayizigidi eziyi-1.5 ngo-2021."U-Yang Qian, isekela lomqondisi woMnyango Wezokucwaninga Ngezimboni we-China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, ukholelwa ukuthi ngomphumela kancane kancane wendlela yokulawula imakethe yamazwe ngamazwe, ngaphansi kwemizamo ehlanganyelwe kahulumeni, abahlinzeki bemishini kanye nabaphakeli bama-chip, izindlela ezihlukile zokwenziwa kwasendaweni ziye zasungulwa. ziqaliswe kancane kancane, futhi ukunikezwa kwama-chip kulindeleke ukuthi kudambiswe ngokwezinga elithile engxenyeni yesibili ka-2022. Ngaleso sikhathi, isidingo se-pent up ngo-2021 sizokhishwa futhi sibe yinto enhle yokukhula kwemakethe yezimoto ngo-2022.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhono lokusungula elizimele, ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko obuyinhloko nokwenza izimoto zaseShayina zisebenzise "umgogodla" wesiShayina kuyisiqondiso sezinkampani zezimoto zaseShayina.
"Ngo-2021, kwakhululwa ukuhlelwa kwethu kwe-cockpit chip yokuqala yasekhaya esezingeni eliphezulu enenqubo ye-nanometer engu-7, kugcwalise igebe emkhakheni we-chip eyinhloko yesikhulumi se-cockpit esihlakaniphile esiklanywe yi-China ngokuzimela."Umuntu ofanelekile ophethe i-Geely Group utshele izintatheli ukuthi i-Geely itshale imali engaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingu-140 ku-r&d kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, inabasebenzi abaklama nabakwa-r&d abangaphezu kuka-20,000 kanye namalungelo obunikazi obu-26,000.Ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yokwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi yesathelayithi, isistimu yesathelayithi yokuzulazula yesathelayithi eyakhiwe ngokunemba okuphezulu kwe-earth-orbit isiqedile ukuthunyelwa kweziteshi zereferensi yesikhathi sasemkhathini ezinembe kakhulu ezingama-305, futhi izozuza ukuxhumana "kwendawo engekho eyimpumputhe yomhlaba wonke" kanye nesentimitha- ukumbozwa kokuma okunemba okuphezulu esikhathini esizayo."Esikhathini esizayo, i-Geely izogqugquzela ngokuphelele inqubo yokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke, ibone ubuchwepheshe bokuya phesheya, futhi izuze ukuthengiswa kwezimoto ezingama-600,000 phesheya ngo-2025."
Ukukhula kwemboni yezimoto zamandla amasha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokufakwa kukagesi nokuhlakanipha kulethe amathuba ezinkampani zezimoto zaseShayina ukuthi zilandele, zigijime futhi zihole esikhathini esizayo.
Umuntu ohlobene no-Saic ophethe uthe, mayelana nenhloso yamasu kazwelonke "ye-carbon peak, carbon neutral", iqembu liyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza isu lokuqamba kanye nenguquko, liqhubekisela phambili ithrekhi entsha "yokuhlakanipha kukagesi okuxhunyiwe" : ukusheshisa ukukhuthazwa kwamandla amasha. , inqubo yokuthengisa izimoto ezixhumene ngobuhlakani, ukwenza ucwaningo kanye nokuhlola kwezezimboni ukushayela okuzimele nobunye ubuchwepheshe;Sizokwenza ngcono ukwakhiwa "kwezikhungo ezinhlanu" ezihlanganisa isofthiwe, i-cloud computing, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, idatha enkulu nokuphepha kwenethiwekhi, sihlanganise isisekelo sobuchwepheshe besofthiwe, futhi silwele ukuthuthukisa izinga ledijithali lemikhiqizo yezimoto, izinsizakalo zokuhamba kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza.(Dongfang Shen, intatheli yephephandaba lethu)
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-18-2022
